Hydrogen Risk Assessment and Hazard Analysis for Rail Applications

Résumé

The integration of environmentally friendly fuel options, such as hydrogen, in mass transportation is a pivotal research area for fostering a sustainable hydrogen economy. Hydrogen Fuel Cell (HFC) technology represents a major zero-emission alternative for powering rail transport. However, the large-scale deployment of HFC trains faces several technological and non-technological barriers, including safety concerns related to hydrogen storage and handling. The project, titled Hydrogen Hazard Assessment and Risk Management for Rail Applications, aimed to support the demonstration and pilot deployment of hydrogen technologies in the rail sector while ensuring safety compliance. Key activities included a literature review on hydrogen locomotives and risk assessment methods, industry engagement to identify system configurations, and a comprehensive evaluation of hazards associated with hydrogen-containing systems. Both semi-quantitative and quantitative risk assessments (QRA) were conducted, focusing on failure modes in locomotive systems. The analyses revealed that most failure modes posed low risk, while two medium-risk scenarios were identified related to onboard hydrogen storage tanks. Recommendations for countermeasures, such as impact protection and enhanced pressure relief systems, were proposed. The QRA case study utilized CNL’s toolkit to model outcomes of hydrogen leaks, demonstrating the importance of leak detection, maintenance, and reliable safety systems. Additionally, a review of relevant regulations and standards, including the Canadian Hydrogen Installation Code (CHIC), provided a framework for risk reduction strategies. The study emphasized integrating engineering and administrative measures to ensure safety. Overall, this project establishes a foundation for the safe adoption of hydrogen in the rail sector and contributes to the broader goals of decarbonizing transportation.